It may have come as a surprise to some this week to learn that some of the quotes attributed to the Obama and Romney presidential campaigns have first been submitted to them for checking and approval before publication.

The New York Times let us in on that information and ever since there has been a renewed debate in the craft on whether, how and why this has an impact on journalism. The most direct criticism is that quote-approval permits a reconsideration and what emerges is a sanitized statement devoid of spontaneity.

But it has also emerged that some organizations have viewed this as sound practice, and not a new one, principally to ensure statements and assertions are accurately portrayed for the record. They view this as little different from the respected technique of fact-checking.

The public attention, though, has some rethinking their policies. In an age of declining media trust, the debate continues on whether the approved quote is a boon or bane.
 
 
It was the turn of Roy Greenslade, the conscientious media writer for The Guardian, to appear before the Leveson inquiry into press ethics. And he delivered an idea: Journalists should sign a "conscience clause" in their contracts to permit them to avoid breaching their codes of conduct.

Greenslade, a professor at City University in London, said journalists should know what they should not be doing and not have their employment threatened when they opt not to do so.
 
The inquiry is examining press ethics and determining what to do following the much-maligned phone-hacking scandal that called into question media standards and practices in the United Kingdom. But the wider world is watching what the inquiry proposes because press standards elsewhere are under scrutiny.
 
 
The engaging blogger, Felix Salmon of Reuters, has taken on the task of assessing journalism ethics and concluded the focus of attention is all wrong.

Salmon says journalism is spending far too much time articulating and enforcing rules and too little time examining what constitutes ethical practice ---- that is, what sorts of things journalists can do to make the craft more ethically sound.

Which is not to say he believes there should not be boundaries.

"I don’t have a problem with those rules existing, but I worry that an unintended consequence of putting those rules in place is that journalists end up worrying much more about the rules, and what side of the rules they’re on, than they do about the underlying ethics of what it is that they’re doing, or not doing," he said.

Salmon would like more discussion on a broader plane that serves to improve the craft and not necessarily just the practices of the craftspeople.

"I’d particularly love to see that conversation take place in the context of an increasingly social world, where friendships and relationships are more out in the open than they have been in the past, and where grown-ups recognize that conflicts are a fact of life, rather than something which should always be avoided," he writes.



 
 
As England wrestles with the direction of press regulation and Canada studies the state of its press councils, the Columbia Journalism Review finds a success story in Scandinavia. There, complaints about the press seem to be handled with aplomb and applause.

The story focuses on the example of the mass murder last year in Norway and how the council dealt with complaints --- which in its case must be filed by a principal in the story, not a member of the public. But there are similar councils in Sweden, Denmark and Finland.

What it finds is that a strong council comprising journalists, editors and lay people compel the industry to take heed, change codes on occasion, and remain trusted by the public.
 
 
The New York Times' David Carr chronicles the extensive effort by NBC's The Today Show to make right on an audio editing mistake that created an error.

The clip left the impression that George Zimmerman, charged with second-degree murder of Trayvon Martin, uttered racist statements. The Today Show fired or disciplined several employees and issued a statement apologizing.

What it didn't do, Carr noted, was tell its audience it had erred. Carr examines the case as an example of American television culture about correcting the record.

"Give NBC credit for dealing with a big error that threatened to sow further mayhem on a very delicate story," he wrote. "It’s just too bad it failed to remember that the fix for bad journalism generally includes more journalism. The kind that goes on the air."

 
 
It has been an interesting few days to view the combination of retraction, accusation and misinformation over stories in three American media outlets.

The most prominent involved This American Life and its January episode on the Foxconn plant in China that manufactures Apple products. The episode was based on a one-man theatrical production, but the program has lately discovered that elements of the show were more theatre than journalism.

There was a front-page column this week in the New Hampshire Eagle Times asserting that its rival, the Compass, had essentially plagiarized a sports column about a basketball game. The writer in question wasn't at the game, but liberally used material from the Eagle Times to appear to have been.

Then there was the matter of an obituary in The Oregonian of its editorial page editor. A "family friend" (actually, another editor in the newsroom) said police discovered the man in a parked car and rushed him to hospital. In fact, he died in the apartment of a woman with whom he'd been in a relationship for a year. The editor who was the source of the information was fired. She had misinformed the paper out of sympathy for the man's wife. The paper ran an extensive account of the matter later in the week, but did not note it fired the editor.
 
 
An inquiry into Australian media has concluded that a new press regulatory body is required to deal with public complaints.

The inquiry, called in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal and headed by retired judge Ray Finkelstein, offers several recommendations to deal with public trust in the press.

The inquiry concluded that existing measures are insufficient and underfinanced to deal with public concerns. Only a limited number of news media participate in such initiatives. Finkelstein recommends a binding authority that would compel apologies and corrections across all platforms. It would be independent but government

Industry response has been negative. The strongest concern has been that a government-financed body has no place in determining the fairness of journalism. It suggests industry self-regulation remains the best solution.

He did not recommend government support of the industry generally, but noted the weakness in some instances of the regional press and said the matter bears continued attention.
 
 
Two articles in recent days highlight the ethical challenges of Silicon Valley tech bloggers.

Many bloggers and their organizations separate their editorial efforts from any economic pressures involving advertisers or those they cover.

But in some instances bloggers are accepting investments in their operations and writing about those benefactors without much identifying or avoiding the conflicts involved.

In some instances bloggers are soliciting investments to create their own venture funds and writing for presumably large audiences about the companies they feature --- likely positively, and almost assuredly not before they parlay their insider knowledge into greater wealth.

The articles in the Los Angeles Times and on The Daily Beast acknowledge that blogging isn't necessarily journalism and that many bloggers are now the 21st century equivalent of the public relations firm.  But both are clear that there are conflicts galore in this new trend.
 
 
Arthur S. Brisbane, the public editor of The New York Times, writes this week about the value of using the news organization's website to reinforce its value with readers.

Brisbane notes how the web has deconstructed the traditional way in which content was organized, and in that new dynamic is a relationship that needs a new arrangement. He sees the website's organization as an important ingredient in that redefinition.

Among other things Brisbane says the site should have a clear place for an exchange with readers. He believes the Times newsroom and readers need this portal.

He also says the site needs an updated list of Times journalists and their areas of coverage. He notes the existing listings are not current.

The site also needs a searchable archive of ethics policies, a form to launch complaints and seek corrections, and (without a great deal of selfishness in the way he puts it) a clearer path to read the public editor's columns.

He adds: "Would a reader portal on NYTimes.com offset the centrifugal effects of the digital revolution? Certainly not. But as the model for publishing news changes rapidly, it is important to find ways to ensure that the center holds—and to fortify the core values that ultimately define how readers view The Times. The reader portal would be a concrete step in that direction."

 
 
The first phase of the Leveson inquiry into journalism conduct is drawing to an end, and the influential British media publication Press Gazette has created a new "manifesto" for journalists in light of what it has heard.

Its Journalists Code, designed to assist the deliberations of the inquiry, would require a signed pledge from journalists to uphold several provisions, including:

- More respect for the privacy of celebrities, but continued scrutiny of any illegality, dishonesty or hypocrisy.

-Greater transparency among news organization to deal with press inquiries about them.

-A ban on mentions of advertisers in editorial content.

-Libel reform to protect journalism in the public interest.

-A stronger Press Complaints Commission that can stipulate how corrections and rulings should be published.

-An independent commission with a majority of its non-journalist members.

-An end to unpaid internships.

-An end to copy approval by publicists and others pre-publication.
 

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